Study material of Chapter 1 of Geography for class VI

DCM Group of Schools

Worksheet

Social Science (Geography)

Class- VI

Chapter- 1The Earth in the Solar System

Q1 Fill in the blanks:

1.     A group of ………… forming various patterns is called a ………(stars, constellation)

2.     A huge system of stars is called …………..(galaxy)

3.     ………………..is the closest celestial body of our earth.(moon)

4.     ……………….. is the third nearest planet to the sun.(Earth)

5.     Planets do not have their own …………….and ………………(light, heat)

Q2. State whether True or False.

1.     The sun is a star.(True)

2.     The Ursa Major is the brightest star.(False)

3.     Ceres is a dwarf planet.(True)

4.     The moon gets its light from the earth.(False)

Q3. Tick the correct answers.

1.     The planet known as the “Earth’s twin” is

a. Jupiter

b. Venus

c. Saturn             Ans. (b)

2. Which is the third nearest planet to the sun?

a. Venus

b. Earth

c. Mercury                       Ans. (b)

3. All the planets move around the sun in a

a. Circular path

b.Rectangular path

c. Elongated path                      Ans. (c)

4. The pole star indicates the direction to the

a. South

b. North

c. East                                          Ans. (b)

5. Asteroids are found between the orbits of

a. Saturn and Jupiter

b. The Earth and Mars

c. Mars and Jupiter                         Ans. (c)

Q4.Match the following.

a.	Venus	I.	Between Mars and Jupiter
b.	Aryabhatta	II.	Earth’s twin
c.	Asteroids	III.	Astronomer
d.	EDUSAT	IV.	First man on moon
e.	Neil  Armstrong	V.	Artificial satellite

Ans.a (II), b (III), c (I), d (V), e (IV)

Answer the following questions in one word or sentence:

1.     Name the earth’s satellite?         (Moon)

2.     Which planet has maximum number of moons?         (Saturn)

3.     Which star always remains in the same position in the sky?       (Pole star)

4.     Which planet is the closest to the sun?          (Mercury)

5.     What is the meaning of word ‘Geography’?  

Ans. The word ‘Geography’ is made of two Greek words, ‘ge’ meaning ‘earth’ and ‘graphia’ meaning ‘writing’. So this word relates to the description of earth.

      

Answer the following questions in 2-3 lines:

1. What are celestial bodies?

Ans. The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies.

2. Why can we not see the moon during the day?      

Ans. We can’t see moon and all bright tiny objects during the day because the very bright light of the sun does not allow us to see all these bright objects of the night sky.

3. Mention two characteristics of stars.

Ans. 1. Stars are made up of hot, burning gases.

2. Stars have their own light.

4. What are constellations? Name any one constellation.

Ans. Stars occur in certain patterns in the sky. These patterns can be related the shapes of animals, humans etc. Different groups of stars form various patterns called constellation.Ursa Major, Leo etc are different constellations.

5. What is meant by Solar System?

Ans.The sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies like asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. We often call it a solar family with the sun as its head.

6. Who is an astronomer? Name a famous astronomer of ancient India.

Ans. Those who study the celestial bodies and their movements are called astronomers. Aryabhatta was a famous astronomer of India.

7. The earth is also known as a blue planet. Why?

Ans. From the outer space, the earth appears blue because its two-thirds surface is covered by water. It is, therefore, called a blue planet.

8. Why is the constellation of Saptarishi called so?

Ans. Saptarishi is the most recognizable constellation. It is group of seven stars. Sapta means seven and Rishi  means sages.

9. Why do we always see only one side of moon?

Ans. The moon moves around the earth in about 27 days. It takes exactly the same time to complete one spin. As a result, only one side of the moon is visible to us on the earth.

10. What is a dwarf planet? Who take the decision regarding its existence?

Ans. A dwarf planet is a celestial body that orbits the sun and has a spherical shape but is not large enough to disturb other objects from its orbit. International Astronomical Union takes decision regarding its existence.

11. Differentiate between an astronomer and a scientist.

Ans. Astronomer- Those who study the celestial bodies and their movements are called astronomer.

Scientist-A person who is trained in a science and whose job involves doing scientific research or solving scientific problems.

Answer the following questions in 60-70 words:

1. What is the Universe?

Ans. The vast space containing all the celestial bodies is called the universe. It contains millions of galaxies, planets, satellites, stars etc. The universe is so huge that it is difficult to imagine its size. No one knows whether the universe is finite or infinite in size.

2. Why is the earth called a unique planet?

Ans. The earth is the third nearest planet to the sun. In size, it is the fifth largest planet. Conditions favourable to support life are probably found only on the earth. The earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has water and air, which are very essential for our survival. The air has life supporting gases like oxygen. Because of these reasons, the earth is a unique planet in the solar system.

3. Although the surface temperature of the sun is extremely hot, why do we not feel the intense heat on the earth?

Ans. The sun is the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system. But that tremendous heat is not felt so much by us because despite being our nearest star, it is far away from us. The sun is about 150 million KM away from the earth. The earth’s distance from the sun is such that it creates favorable conditions to support life on the earth.

4. Differentiate between stars and planets.

Ans.

Stars	Planets
1. Stars are made up of hot, burning gases.	1. Planets are made up of rocks.
2. Stars emit light of their own.	2. Planets shine because of the light they reflect from the sun.
3. Stars twinkle.	3. Planets do not twinkle.
4. All stars are very hot.	4. Temperature of planets depends on their distance from the sun.
5. Stars are very big.	5. Planets are very small as compared to the stars.
6. There are millions of stars.	6. Planets are only eight.

5. Differentiate between planets and moons.

Ans.

Planets	Moons(Satellites)
1. Planets revolve around the sun.	1. Moons revolve around planets.
2. There are eight planets in our solar system.	2. There are about 71 moons in our solar system.
3. Planets are natural.	3. Satellites can be natural or artificial.
4. Planets are larger in size.	4. Moons are smaller than planets.

6. What is a satellite? What is the difference between a natural satellite and a human made satellite?

Ans. A satellite is a solid heavenly body that revolves around a planet.

Natural satellite-Satellites moves around the planets in the same way as the planets move around the sun. Almost all the planets in the solar system have one or more satellites except Mercury and Venus.

Man- made satellite- It is an artificial body. It is designed by scientists to gather information about the universe or for communication. It is carried by rocket and placed in the orbit around the earth. Some Indian man -made satellites in space are INSAT, IRS, EDUSAT etc.

study material VI Ch.2His.

                                         DCM Group of School      

Study Material

Social Science (History)

Class VI

Chapter-2 ON THE TRAIL OF THE EARLIEST PEOPLE

Q1. Match The Following

1.	Palaeolathic Age	a.	10,000 to 4,000 BC
2.	Mesolithic Age	b.	Early Village
3.	Neolithic Age	c.	Hunsgi
4.	Bhimbetka	d.	50,000 to12,000 BC
5.	Inamgaon	e.	Madhya Pradesh
6.	Palaeolithic Sites	f.	12,000 to 10,000 BC

Ans. 1(d), 2(f), 3(a), 4(e), 5(b), 6(c)

Q2.Who were hunter gatherers?

Ans. People who lived in the subcontinent as early as two million years ago were known as hunter gatherers.

Q3.What items were generally gathered by the early man?

Ans. The early man used to gather fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks and eggs.

Q4. How were the stone tools used?

Ans. The stone tools were used to cut meat, chop fruits and wood, scrape bark and hides etc.

Q5. How do we know about the factory sites of early man?

Ans. We come to know about factory sites by finding blocks of stone tools that were made or discarded and chips of waste stone left behind.

Q6. What tools would you use today for cutting fruit? What would they be made of?

Ans. Now days we use knives for cutting fruits. These are made of stainless steel with wooden or plastic handles.

Q7. Why did the people living in the caves paint the walls?

Ans. They probably painted the walls to express their feelings or to entertain themselves.

Q8. What are sites?

Ans. Sites are the places where remains of things like tools, pots, buildings etc. are found.

Q9. Why people chose to live in caves?

Ans. People chose these natural caves because they provided shelter from the rain, heat and wind.

Q10. Define Microliths.

Ans. Stone tools found during Mesolithic period are generally tiny, sharp and polished and are called microliths.

Q11. List three ways in which hunter gatherers used fire. Would you use fire for any of these purpose today?

Ans. Hunter gatherers used fire in different ways like:

1. It could provide them light in the dark.

2. It gave them heat and kept them warm when it was cold.

3. It was kept burning at the entrance of caves to scare away wild animals.

4. It was also used to cook meat. The cooked meat thus, became softer, tastier and easy to eat.

Yes, we use fire for the following purposes:

(a) To keep us warm.

(b) To cook our food.

(c) To light during dark.

Q12. How were stone tools made?

Ans.There may be two different techniques adopted by the hunter gatherers for making stone tools:

1.Stone on Stone- In this the core pebble from which the tool was to be made was held in one hand. Another stone, that was used as a hammer was held in the other hand. Thus, the second stone was used for striking off flakes from the first stone. This process continued till the required shape was obtained.

2. Pressure Flaking- In this the core pebble was placed on a firm surface like a rock. A piece of bone or stone was placed on the core pebble. Then, a hammer stone was used on the placed bone or stone to remove flakes so that it could be shaped into tools

Q13. Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place?

Ans. The main reasons for the hunter-gatherers to move from one place to another were as follows:

1. Their long stay at one place would have finished all available plants and human resources.

2. They may have moved from place to place in search of food for their cattle.

3. They may have moved in search of seasonal fruits and food.

4. Since they needed water to survive, they would have moved in search of water especially during dry season.

Q14. How did the changing environment affect the life of the early people?

Ans. By the end of Palaeolithic period climate became warmer and dry, this affected the life of the early people in various ways.

1. The rapid development of grasslands increased the number of grass eating animals.

2. Now early man began to understand more about the grass eating animals. This may have led to the beginning of the process of the domestication of animals.

3. The vast grasslands also contained grains like wheat and barley. From this they may have learnt the life cycle of the crops which forced them to think about growing plants on their own.

4. The idea of agriculture may have led them to stay at a place permanently.

Q15. Differentiate between Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Age.

Ans.

Palaeolithic Age	Mesolithic Age
1.Time period of this age was 50,000-12,000 years ago	1. Time period of this age was 12,000-10,000 years ago.
2. Stone tools were big and blunt.	2. Stone tools were tiny and sharp.
3. Fire was discovered.	3. The beginning of agriculture and domestication of animals.
4. Early man was hunter and gatherer.	4.  Agriculture may have given him the idea of permanent stay.

Class 7 Mughal Empire

CLASS- 7 SUBJECT- SOCIAL SCIENCE

HISTORY

 CHAPTER- 4(THE MUGHAL EMPIRE)

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:-

1.       What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?

Ans: - Panipat, Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Mathura, Amber, Ajmer, Fatehpur Sikri, Mewar, Marwar, Sind, Kabul, Bihar, Bengal, Odisha and Deccan were under the control of the Mughals.

2.       What was the relationship between the Mansabdars and the jagirs?

Ans: - A jagir was a revenue assignment for the Mansabdars. The Mansabdars had the right to collect revenue from a jagir but they could not reside in or administer the jagirs.

3.       What was the role of a zamindar in the Mughal administration?

Ans: - The Zamindar in the Mughal administration collected revenue from the peasants. They acted as intermediate between the ruler and the peasants.

4.       How were the debates between the religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s idea of governance?

Ans: - Debates with religious scholars helped Akbar in framing the idea of sulh-i-kul of ‘universal peace’.By using such a policy of tolerance Akbar was able to formulate governance guidelines which were based on a system of ethics.

5.       Why did the Mughals emphasize their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?

Ans: - The Mughals emphasized their Timurid and not their Mongol descent because Ghengiz khan’s memory was associated with the massacres of innumerable people. It was also linked with the Uzbeg, their Mongol competitors. The Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry as the Timurids had captured Delhi in 1398.

6.       How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?

Ans: -The income from land revenue was the main source of income for the Mughal rulers and hence it was very important.

7.       Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit Mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?

Ans: - It was important for the Mughals to recruit Mansabdars from diverse backgrounds because the empire had expanded to encompass different religions and provinces.

8.       Who were Mughals?

Ans:-The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.from their mother`s side Genghis khan and father `s side Timur.

9.       Who was Babur?

Ans:-Babur was first Mughal emperor .he was succeeded to throne of Farghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old.

10.   When and between whom battle of Panipat was fought?

Ans:-In 1526 battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi.Babur won the battle.

11.   Write Mughal traditions of succession?

Ans:-The Mughal did not believe in Primogeniture where the eldest son inherited his father`s estate.They like Timurid custom of Coparcenary inheritance or a division amongst all the sons.

12.   Who was Abul Fazal? write the name of his books.

Ans:-Abul Fazal was close friend and courtiers of Akbar .He wrote two books Akbarnama and Ain  i Akbari .

13.   Who was Raja Todar Mal?

Ans:-Raja Todar Mal was revenue minister of Akbar.

14.   Explain features of Akbar`s administration.

Ans:-Following were the features of Akbar`s administration:-

1.Empire was divided into Provinces.

2.Each Province was governed by subadar.

3.subadar carried out both political and military function.

4.He maintain law and order in the province.

5. Each province also had a finicial minister called Diwan.

         15.What is Ibadat Khana?

      Ans:-Ibadat Khana is a place at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra where Akbar held meeting with religious scholars to discuss on religious matter.

         

STUDY MATERIAL FOR GRADE 6

Class VI              Sub:  S.St.( CIVICS)

Chapter:5  (Key Elements  of Democracy)

Q 1:What do you mean by apartheid?

Ans: Apartheid means separation and discrimination on the basis of race.

Q 2: In the case study given in the chapter, what were Hector and his class mates protesting about?

And : Hector and his class mates were being forced to learn Afrikaan language, the language of the white people. But they wanted to learn their own language, Zulu. So they protested against it.

Q 3 : List five ways in which the non-whites were discriminated against in South Africa.

Ans: The non-whites had to face the following discrimination-

1. They were not allowed to vote.

2. Their hospitals and ambulances were separate.

3. There were separate trains and buses for them.

4. The best land in the country was reserved for the whites.

5. Non-whites were forced to learn the language of whites.

Q 4 : Do you think it is important for all persons to be treated equally? Why?

And : Yes, it is important for all persons to be treated equally because :

1. It is important for the growth and development of people.

2. It will create healthy environment in the country.

3. It will help to unite the country.

Q 4 : You read a case study in the chapter about Maya. How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?

Ans : Maya’s life would be different in South Africa today because :

1. South Africa is free from apartheid laws. So she would not be facing any discrimination because of her race.

2. She would be living in a democratic country and would exercise her right to vote.

3. She would be enjoying the same medical and educational facilities as whites.

Q 5 : What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?

Ans: The various ways in which people participate in the process of government are as follows-

1.      People participate in electing their own representatives by casting their vote.

2.      People criticize government if they don’t like any policy by taking out rallies, dharnas, signature campaigns etc. They can force the government to change policies.

3.       They even organize social movements and challenge the functions of government.

Q 6: Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to disputes or conflicts?

Ans: We need the governments to find solutions to disputes or conflicts because:

1. It is the chief authority which makes laws, takes decisions and implements the laws.

2. People belonging to different regions, religions, castes or cultures may use violent means to settle their differences which can lead to fear and tension. The government helps in resolving such conflicts.

3. The government is needed for fair distribution of land and water between two regions or states.

Q 7: What actions does the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?

Ans  : To ensure equal treatment to all, the government takes the following actions-

1.      The government ensures equal and fair laws are made and implemented everywhere.

2.      The government takes care of the special needs of the minorities, the poor and the socially backward classes.

3.      The healthcare, education and the basic needs of all the people are taken care of by the government without discrimination.

Q 8: Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal.

Ans: The key ideas of a democratic government are :

1. In a democratic country all people are given equal right to vote and elect their government.

2. The government is for the people, by the people and of the people.

3.  A democratic government is fair and implements equal laws for all.

4. People take part in running the government.

                                                                                          

Neeru Bala

S.ST. Teacher

DCMC

THE GOVERNMENT

This presentation is about government ,its types .functions and levels.This will help grade 6 students .
HAPPY STUDYING!!!!